翻译(懂化学生物)
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Preface
With the changes in the international trend in recent years, making Chinese herbal medicine has been increasing, and increasingly is an unmistakable trend. With the development of Chinese herbal medicine around the world rise to an upsurge of nature-lovers, not only in medicine, the health food, cosmetics has graally favored by the market, there is a growing understanding of Chinese herbal medicine is not as Western or other chemicals a single composition or pharmaceutical composition, its role in one direction with a simple response mechanism, so have turned to natural herbal Kampo mainly to rece the side effects of chemistry. Many of today's anti-oxidant application of natural procts research, from the Food and Drug extended to the field of the application of cosmetics, cosmetics, do not ignore the trend of adding natural procts has become so effective combination of cosmetics and herbal medicines on the techniques, but also enhance the added value of both sides, so that cosmetic instry to grow year after year, but also for related instries to flourish, we can see the potential of Chinese herbs in cosmetics on the endless business opportunities.
Since this study was typical of herbs, Phyllanthus urinaria, belongs to Euphorbiaceae Yau Kom plants, alias pearl grass, is a small herb, widespread in tropical and subtropical growing China, India, South America, several hundred years ago, is already a Chinese folk medicine, based on past literature reported that Phyllanthus can be the role of anti-hepatitis B, anti-liver cell injury, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial action, anti-oxidation and protects the heart role in removing the DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitricoxide and other free radicals 1-3.
According to many literature reports of human body mainly by the oxygen free radicals in the body into ROS (reactive oxygen species, ROS) and nitrogen oxides with active (reactive nitrogen species, RNS), such as lipid hydroperoxide, single oxygen 4. They will attack the body on the cell membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA and various amino acids, resulting in eutrophication injury or genetic abnormalities and other factors lead to such diseases such as cancer, diabetes, emphysema, arterial atherosclerosis and cerebral vascular disease such as 5-6, the Composite foregoing right of free radicals and can be categorized the following types of 7:
(A) superoxide anion radical
O-2. Usually is the most commonly proced by free radicals, in the human body's phagocytic cells and glands in the particles will proce an electronic Deng Jun Yin leave the child free radical superoxide. However, a very short half-life, but can cause free radical reactions would be locked together, and then proced two procts, three procts were bound to be hurt.
(B) hydrogen peroxide
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide on cell damage is greater because of its transit through the cell membrane and in vivo in the iron and copper occurred fenton reaction, procing hydroxyl radicals (HO.) of hydrogen peroxide may activate heme protein, hemoglobin and myoglobin, as with iron compounds, and these compounds will lead to cell lipid peroxidation.
(C) hydroxyl radical
HO. Hydroxyl radical is probably the most radical would be running one, in addition to 了 radical transformation in addition, in many cases will proce a large number of HO. . It will cause further damage to lipid peroxidation in cells, and will, and amino acids, ribosomes, phospholipids and other biological reactions in vivo. Multiple not saturated fatty acids (PUFA) and hydroxyl radical relations are very close, generally considered a HO. Reaction to proce a result of the lock together hundreds of PUFA peroxidation.
(D) single oxygen
1O2 for the in vivo stability of oxygen by ultraviolet light after unstable phenomenon, and very Transaction with hydrogen reaction, a direct attack not saturated fatty acids, resulting in free radicals and lipid oxidation of materials.
(E) lipid hydroperoxide
LOOH lipid peroxidation reaction of many radical things finished proct, and most of them in the cell membrane and fatty acids. LPO aldehydes also proce harmful types, base types, or other procts. , Or other procts of lipid peroxidation and the enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids effect, causing cell disease or death.
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Populations of a species that are spread out over a broad geographical range are often arrayed in a cline-a graal change in one or more characteristics as each population evolves adaptations to its own local environment. Along a cline, subspecies with distinct characteristics may arise. Often, indivials at either end of a cline are reproctively isolated.
地域上分布很广的种的群体中，经常存在变异群，因为适应当地的环境，每个群体逐渐产生一个或多个与众不同的特点。在变异群中，带有明显特征的亚群可能产生。通常，在两个变异群中的个体是繁殖隔离的。
