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四六级、考研常用后缀
2009/12/11 — 袁新民 (阅读: 790)
除个别后缀(如-less,-free等)外,后缀一般不改变词义,仅表明词性。
1、名词后缀
-ability, -ibility
able(能够的) — ability(能力)
possible(可能的)— possibility(可能性)
-age
post(邮政)— postage(邮资)
shrink(收缩)— shrinkage(收缩)
-al
arrive(到达)— arrival(到达)
refuse(拒绝)— refusal(拒绝)
-an, -ian, -arian
humane(人道的) — humanitarian(人道主义者)
library(图书馆)— librarian(图书管理员)
music(音乐)— musician(音乐家)
-ance, -ency
appear(出现)— appearance(出现)
refer(参考)— reference(参考)
-ancy, ency
emerge(出现) — emergency(紧急情况)
expect(期待)— expectancy(期待)
-ant, -ent
serve(服务)— servant(仆人)
study(学习) — student(学生)
-cy
accurate(准确的)— accuracy(准确性)
bankrupt(破产的)— bankruptcy(破产)
-dom
free(自由的) — freedom(自由)
king(国王)— kingdom(王国)
-ee
employ(雇用)— employee(雇员)
absent(缺席)— absentee(缺席者)
-er, -or, -ar
lead(指引)— leader(领袖)
conct(传导)— conctor(导体)
beg(乞讨) — beggar(乞丐)
-ery
brave(勇敢的)— bravery(勇敢)
cook(烹调) — cookery(烹饪法)
nurse(照料)— nursery(托儿所)
-ese
China(中国)—Chinese(汉语,中国人)
Japan(日本)— Japanese(日语,日本人)
-ess
actor(演员)— actress(女演员)
lion(狮子)— lioness(母狮)
-ful
hand(手)— handful(一把的量)
spoon(匙)— spoonful(一匙的量)
-hood
child(孩子)— childhood(童年)
neighbor(邻居)— neighborhood(邻近地区)
-ics
electron(电子)— electronics(电子学)
linguist(语言学家)— linguistics(语言学)
-ion, -ition, -ation
collect(收集) — collection(收集)
compose(创作)— composition(作文)
observe(观察)— observation(观察)
-ism
hero(英雄)— heroism(英雄主义)
social(社会的)— socialism(社会主义)
-ist
social(社会的)— socialist(社会主义者 )
art(艺术)— artist(艺术家)
-ity, -ty
cruel(残忍的) — cruelty(残忍)
pure(纯的)— purity(纯净)
-ment
move(运动)— movement(运动)
apart(分离的)— apartment(一套公寓房间)
govern(统治)— government(*)
-ness
dark(黑暗的)— darkness(黑暗)
happy(幸福的)— happiness(幸福)
-ology, -logy
bio(生物)— biology(生物学)
climate(气候)— climatology(气候学)
-ship
friend(朋友)— friendship(友谊)
member(会员)— membership(会员身份)
-sion
decide(决定)— decision(决定)
conclude(结束)— conclusion(结论)
-th
grow—-growth增长,生长
wide—-width宽度
-ure
fail(失败)— failure(失败)
pict(标记)— picture(画)
2、动词后缀
-en
deep(深的)— deepen(加深)
fast(牢固的)— fasten(扎牢)
-ify
class(种类) — classify(分类)
simple(简单的)— simplify(简化)
-ize, -ise
modern(现代的)— modernize/-ise (使现代化)
popular(流行的)— popularize/-ise(普及)
3、形容词后缀
-able, -ible
suit(适合)— suitable(合适的)
horror(恐怖)— horrible(可怕的)
-al
centre(中心)— central(中心的)
nature(自然)— natural(自然的)
-an, -arian, -ian
Elizabeth(伊丽莎白)— Elizabethan(伊丽莎白的)
Christ(耶酥)— Christian(*徒的)
vegetal(植物的,蔬菜的)— vegetarian(素食者的,吃素的)
-ant, -ent
differ(不同)— different(不同的)
insist(坚持)— insistent(不断的)
-ary, -ory
element(成分,要素)— elementary(基础的)
contradict(与…相反)— contradictory(相反的,矛盾的)
-ate
consider(考虑)— considerate(考虑周到的)
fortune(运气)— fortunate(幸运的)
-en
wood(木头)— wooden(木头的)
wool(羊毛)— woolen(羊毛的)
-ese
China(中国)— Chinese(中国的)
Japan(日本)— Japanese(日本的)
-free
care(忧虑)— carefree(无忧无虑的)
ticket(票)— ticketfree(不用票的)
-ful
beauty(美))— beautiful(美丽的)
shame(羞耻)— shameful(可耻的)
hope(希望)— hopeful(有希望的)
use(用)— useful(有用的)
-ic, -ical
alcohol(酒精)— alcoholic(酗酒的)
music(音乐)— musical(音乐的)
-ish
fool(傻瓜)— foolish(愚蠢的)
red(红色)— reddish(微红的)
-ive
decide(决定)— decisive(果断的)
create(创造)— creative(有创造力的)
-less
help(帮助)— helpless(无助的)
job(工作)— jobless(失业的)
-like
child(孩子)— childlike(孩子般的)
lady(贵妇)— ladylike(贵妇般的)
-ly
day(白天,日子)— daily(每日的,日常的)
man(男人)— manly(有男子气概的)
-ous, -ious
danger(危险)— dangerous(危险的)
space(空间)— spacious(宽敞的)
-some
quarrel(吵架)— quarrelsome(喜欢吵架的)
trouble(烦恼)— troublesome(使人烦恼的)
-ward
down(向下)— downward(向下的)
home(家)— homeward(回家的)
-y
hair(毛发)— hairy(多毛的)
noise(喧闹声)— noisy(喧闹的)
4、副词后缀
-ly
happy(快乐的)— happily快乐地
-ward, -wards
east(东)— eastward(s)(向东地)
up(向上)— upward(s)(向上地)
-wise
like(像)— likewise(同样地)
other(其他)— otherwise(在其他方面)