现在完成时
现在完成时构成：主语+ have/has + P.P. (过去分词)
一．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的
状语连用。
（1） He has learned English for about 7 years.
for10years.since2000.sincetheycamethere.（2） They have lived in Beijing
for10years.（3） My uncle has taught in that school since2000.
对划线部分提问：
How long has your uncle taught in that school?
(4) A: How long has your father worked in that company?
for20years.since1990.sinceheleftthearmy.B: He has worked there
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注意：① 一次性动词可以有完成时，但不能与for或since等表示一段时间的状语连用。②要想和一段时间连用，需要把一次性动词转换成相应的延续性动词。
如：come—be here, go—be away, borrow—keep, buy—have,
join—be a member of, get to know--know
I'veboughtthepenforabout2years.(1) I'vehadthepenforabout2years.
HehasjoinedtheYouthLeaguefor2years.(2) HehasbeenaLeaguememberfor2years.
(3)
(4)
注意:否定句例外：
(5) A：Hello! I haven’t seen you for a long time. How are you?
B: I’m fine, thank you. And you?
A: I’m fine, too.
二．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
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(1) I have just(或already) posted the packet.我已经把包裹邮寄了。
（“邮寄”这个动作是过去发生的，也许是昨天寄去的，但对现在的影
响是“包裹不在我这里，或不久对方就能收到包裹了”。）
区别：I posted the packet yesterday. 我昨天邮寄的包裹。
（此句有明显的表示过去的时间状语。因此需用过去时，只强调动作，不考虑影响。）
(2) A: Have you seen the film?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When and where did your see it?
B: I saw it at Ying le Cinema last night.
(3) A: Have you bought an English-Chinese dictionary?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When did you buy it?
B: I bought it last week.
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(4) A: Has the plane arrived?
B: Yes, it has.
A: When did it arrive?
B: Half an hour ago.
(影响和结果是：You had hoped to meet sb. at the airport, but you were too late. You missed meeting sb.)
havehas been to 某地” 三．（1）句型一：表示“曾经到过某地” 要用“
这种句型不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，但是可以与“次数”连用。
theGreatWall?Beijing?England? 如： A: Have you ever been to
B: No, never. What about you?
A: Yes, I have.
B: How many times have you been there?
A: Only once.(twice, three times,…)
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havehas gone to某地” （2）句型二：表示“到某地去了” 要用 “
这种句型特点是:①主语必须是第三人称.单复数均可。A对B说, 或B对A说某人C或某些人C到哪里去了。现在不在此地。
②不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，也不能与“次数”连用。
如： A: Where’s Wei Fang?
theshop..thepostofficetheplayground. B: She has gone to
A: Please tell her to come to the teacher’s office as soon as she comes back.
B: All right. I’ll do that.
Wherehashebeen?比较下面两组句子：Wherehashegone?他刚才到哪里去了？（他已经回来了。）他上哪去了？（他现在不在这里。）
。）ShehasbeentoShanghai.她去过上海。（她现在不在上海或已到达上海，ShehasgonetoShanghai.她到上海去了。（她可能在去上海的路上
总之，现在不在这里。）
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inChina.(大地方用in)atthisschool.(小地方用at)here.(副词)there.(副词)away(副词)for一段时间haveasoldier.(名词)has been （3）句型三： +since点时间
这种句型表示“某种状态已经存在多久”，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，（即可用How long…提问）,但不能与“次数”连用。
如: ① The foreign friend has been in China for about 5 years. 对划线部分提问：How long has the foreign friend been in China?
for10years.② I have been at this school since2000.
对划线部分提问：How long have you been at this school?
③ He has been here (there, away) for 3 years.
④ How long has he been a League member?
⑤ Mary has been in China for 2 years now and is doing well.
现在完成时练习
一． 单项选择：
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( ) 1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
( ) 2. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
( ) 3. Have you met Mr. Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
( ) 4. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
( ) 5. —Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
( ) 6. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
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Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
( ) 7. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
( ) 8. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
( ) 9.—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
( ) 10.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
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Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
( ) 11. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
( ) 12.—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
( ) 13.—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
( ) 14.Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
( ) 15. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
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Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
( ) 16. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
( ) 17.My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
( ) 18.The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
( ) 19. has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
( ) 20. His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
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C. has lived there D. has left the university
二． 句型转换：
1. He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）
2. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
have they been here?
3. The old man last year. He_____ _____ _____ for a year.
(die)（动词填空）
4. This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ______ for twenty years.
5. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour.
6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
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7. The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
______ ______ two years _______ the Green family moved to France.
8. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________ 三. 汉译英：
1. 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2. 他昨天收到一封信。
3. 我父亲以前到过长城。
4. 她还没有看过那部新电影。
5. 她去过上海。
6. 他这些天上哪儿去了？
2006~2010年全国中考题现在完成时部分
( ) 1. My brother left school in 2005, and since then he _____ in Beijing.
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A. lives B. lived C. will live D. has lived
( ) 2. Helen loves to talk about travel. She _____ many places.
A. has gone to B. has been to
C. has gone for D. has been from
( ) 3. How’s Annie? I _____ her for a long time.
A. don’t see B. won’t see C. didn’t see D. haven’t seen
( ) 4.Henry speaks Chinese very well. He _____ in China since 2002.
A. stays B. stayed C. is staying D. has stayed
( ) 5. My father ______ on business for two weeks. He’ll return in 3 days.
A. left B. has left C. has gone D. has been away
( ) 6. －Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight?
－Thank you very much, but I _____ it already.
A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing
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( ) 7. The Harry Potter books _____ pretty popular since they were published.
A. become B. will become C. have become D. are becoming
( ) 8. －Jack, I haven’t seen your brother for a long time.
－He ______ Shanghai on business for two months.
A. went to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been to
( ) 9. －Who ‘s won the first prize in the competition?
－Henry _____ . He has _____ it for a week.
A. is ; won B. is ;got C. has ;had D. has; been given
( ) 10. －How clean the bedroom is!
－Yes, I am sure that someone _____ it.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned
( ) 11. Prison Break is the best American TV play that I _____ these years.
A. watch B. will watch C. have watched D. was watching
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( ) 12. I’m sorry you _____ the wonderful football game. It was just over.
A. have lost B. have missed C. are missing D. will lose
( ) 13. －How do you like the song Two Butterflies?
－Great! I _____ such a beautiful song before.
A. don’t hear B. never hear C. have never heard D. has never heard
( ) 14. How long have you ______ ?
A. borrowed the book B. bought the bike
C. been back D. received the letter
( ) 15. Wangpei _____ his homework and now he is watching TV.
A. has finished B. finishes C. is finishing D. finished
( ) 16. My uncle _____ Shanghai since he went there in childhood.
A. went to B. has been to C. has been in D. has gone to
( ) 17. －How long have you _____ the book?
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－For several weeks.
A. bought B. borrowed C. lent d. had
( ) 18. －How is the weather in your country this summer?
－It _____ as much as it does now for a long time.
A. hasn’t rained B. doesn’t rain C. wasn’t raining D. didn’t rain
( ) 19. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who _____ it?
A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken
( ) 20. Help! Wang Qiang _____ an accident.
A. was having B. had had C. has had D. will have
( ) 21.Tom and Jim _____ friends since they met each other for the first time five years ago.
A. were B. have become C. have made D. have been
( ) 22. －You speak English so well, Daming.
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－Thank you . I _____ it for almost there years.
A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. am learning
( ) 23. You don’t have to describe her. I _____ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
( ) 24. I ______ thus book for two weeks. I have to return it now.
A. borrow B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept
( ) 25. －Lucy, _____ you _____ your ticket?
－Not yet.
A. did; find B. have: found C. has; found D. do; find
过去完成时
过去完成时：“过去的过去”。构成：“主语+had+过去分词（p.p.）”
如：（１）We had reached the station before ten o’clock.
（２）The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.
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（３）Wei Fang had checked TV before his brother returned.
（４）He had worked in the south for 5 years before he moved here.
（５）How many English film had you seen by the end of last term?
过去完成时练习
一． 单项选择：
( ) 1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone
C. where had I been D. where had I gone
( ) 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was seven?
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
( ) 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten.
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
( ) 4. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
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A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
( ) 5. She said she ________ the principle（纪律）already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
( ) 6. She said her family _____ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from
C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with
( ) 7. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.
A. has completed university B. has completed the university
C. had completed a university D. had completed university
( ) 8. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A. had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.
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( ) 9 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
( )10. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.
A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed
( )11. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.
A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns
( )12. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
二. 用动词的适当形式填空：
1. We _______ (paint) the house before we ________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man ________ (make) a will before he __________ (die).
3. They ________ (study) the map of the country before they ______ (leave).
4. The robbers ________ (run away ) before the policemen ______ (arrive).
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5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I _______ (go) to bed.
6. Tom ________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
7. When I _______(arrive) at the station, he ___________(leave).
8. We ___________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
9. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)
10. She told me she _________ (be) to Sanya three times
现在完成时练习答案
一．单项选择：
1．现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。
2．现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。
3．C
4．现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last
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+ 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。
5．C
6．现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。
7．C
8．现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。
9．现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。
10．B
11．现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。
12．B 13. A 14. C 15.A
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16. “have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。
17. A 18. D 19. C 20. C
二.句型转换：
1. has he? 2.How long 3.died, has been dead
4. has been open 5. has been away for 6.joined；ago
7. It is, since 8.The bus has been here for ten minutes.
三、汉译英：
1. Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.
2. He received a letter yesterday.
3. My father has been to the Great Wall before.
4. She hasn't seen the new film yet.
5. She has been to Shanghai.
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6. Where has he been these days？
2006~2010年全国中考题现在完成时部分练习答案
1.D 2.B 3.D 4. D 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.C 21.D 22.C 23.B 24. D 25.B
过去完成时练习答案
一．单项选择：
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B
二．用动词的适当形式填空：
1．had painted; moved 2. had made; died 3.had studied; left
4. had run away; arrived 5. had turned off; went 6. said; had read
7. arrived; had left 8. had learned/learnt 9. had done 10. had been
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