食品安全毕业论文开题报告

选题背景与意义

【选题背景】

自1999年进入老年型社会以来,我国老龄化程度不断加深，己成为老年人口总体数量最大的国家.根据20XX年公布的第六次全国人口普查的数据显示，我国60岁及以上人口占13. 26%，约为1。78亿，同比2015年人口普查上升2. 93个百分点。据相关专家预测，到2050年，中国老龄人口将达到总人口的三分之一。老龄人口快速增加的同时还伴随着老年人口高龄化、空巢化等特点。人口急剧老龄化为社会和经济发展带来巨大挑战。

老龄化日趋严峻的问题最直接反映在了人们的居住状况上，据相关数据显示,近两年来,对老年人的生活照料、医疗保健、康复护理、文化娱乐等需求日益凸显，在 80后 成为社会劳动主体的今天， 一对夫妻，一个小孩,四位老人 的家庭模式把更多的养老负担强加到个人的头上。社会化养老成为一种必然趋势,商业养老需求曰趋旺盛。因而配备医院、专业护理人员的各类养老地产如雨后春第般孕育而生，一种全新的地产模式呼之欲出。

业内人士表示，随着老年人群体对于居住要求的不断提升，未来面向健康老人的养老产业将从提供养老住宅开始逐步向更广的领域推进，养老地产作为养老产业的核心和载体之一,市场潜力巨大。老年住宅产业将是一个朝阳产业。 可以预言，养老产业或许将成为化解目前全球化金融危机的支柱产业，是拉动内需的重大战略型方向。 现任慈善事业促进司司长王振耀如是说。

XX年以来，面对一波又一波的宏观调控，国内的房地产企业，尤其是行业龙头更加注重紧随行业调整节奏，尽量超前抢占市场，不断学习发达国家的发地产发展经验，一些曾经不被关注的房地产领域也因此逐渐被房地产企业所重视。其中，潜力巨大的中国老年地产市场似乎成为一块人人想分享的蛋糕，吸引着地产开发商及其他行业巨头的极大关注。截止目前，保利地产、万科、华润置地、首创置业等地产开发商已进军养老地产，另外保险业、服务业、金融业等行业也已纷纷涉足幵发老年地产市场，在全国掀起了一片养老地产开发与建设的高潮。

养老地产是一种将养老主题与房地产开发紧密结合的复合型地产开发模式，是一种房地产业与其他相关产业资源整合以适应现代生活方式转变的地产业态。同时养老地产也是养老产业的一种模式。它以养老住宅为核心，配套医院、超市、文体活动中心等设施，将居住、餐饮、娱乐、医疗、保健、护理服务等功能集中在一起为人们创造一种全新的人居生活方式.

作为一种复合型的商业地产开发模式,养老地产具有自身的特点。与一般的福利性养老机构不同，养老地产的商业性质决定它主要通过出让方式来获取土地，其运作也必须遵循市场经济的规律。另外,养老地产也不同于普通商业地产，通过整合居住、餐饮、娱乐、文化、医疗、护理、保健等各种服务资源,力图形成各供应商共赢的格局。而且，养老地产结合养老主题，针对老年人的需求，以营造 以老人为本 的社区文化和文明优雅的生活环境为目标，构建生活照料、文化娱乐、学习教育、医疗护理等全方位养老服务体系，凸显养老功能。

养老地产具有投资大、投资回报周期长、风险大等特点。然而养老地产在我国仍处于发展初期，还在探索阶段，缺乏系统的理论指导和可借鉴的成功经验。多数企业都是在摸着石头过河,发展模式的不明确、收益率的不确定，相关政策法规的缺失,将给养老地产的发展前景带来诸多变数,如果盲目进入，企业将面临进退两难的跑她境地。在 银色经济 发展浪潮的推动下，很多企业蜂拥而入,盲目涉足该领域，缺乏发展战略发展规划,不了解老年人实际需求，片面追求经济效益，忽视服务管理，发展停滞不前。更有一些Jf发商表面上打着 养老 的旗号，实际上却低价圈地，然后通过销售住宅以获取盈利。这些为追求利益而不择手段的企业行为造成了行业发展无序的混乱局面，给社会和产业自身的发展带来的不良的影响。

因此，为避免产业的混乱无序发展态势,如何从发展战略角度出发，推动养老地产企业的发展，进而促进整个行业健康有序、可持续发展成为一个亟待解决的问题.

【选题意义】

在社会和经济快速发展的背景下,一个企业的发展必须紧随时代的步伐,制定正确的发展战略，正确预测市场的变化，开发适合市场需求的产品，才能在激烈的竞争中获胜，实现可持续发展。

上海亲和源股份有限公司是国内幵发养老地产的先驱之一，其前身为上海康桥公共事业投资有限公司，后由于增加两家股东单位，于2015年更该为此名.在我国人口老龄化R益加剧的背景下，上海亲和源股份有限公司顺应了社会和市场的发展趋势,审时度势，在全国率先建立了中国第一个养老社区项目 上海亲和源会员制养老社区。

上海亲和源养老社区以健康养老、快乐养老为目标，为老年人创造舒适、高雅、安全、友好的居住和生活环境,提供人性化、专业化、规范化的服务和设施，改变了传统意义上的养老方式，创新了以往的地产开发模式,把养老主题与地产行业有机结合起来.上海亲和源养老社区经过几年的发展，目前已吸纳八百多名老年人居住，并采用连锁模式,在海南、海宁、黄山等地发展养老基地，发展养老俱乐部资源,在社会上取得了较好的口碑，己成为业界公认的发展较为成功的养老地产项目之一，被视为养老地产行业发展的领头军。因此，亲和源的发展经验将会给整个养老地产企业的发展带来示范效应。因此，本文选择 上海亲和源股份有限公司养老地产发展战略 为研究主题具有重大意义。

研究内容与方法

【研究内容】

本文研究的主要内容是对上海亲和源股份有限公司的主体项目 亲和源老年社区做战略上的分析。经过对其深入的研究,对亲和源目前的战略选择、经营、服务方面提出亟待解决的问题，运用战略学相关理论，结合亲和源实际情况，深入分析其战略选择，并最终提出改进方案.

本文研究内容的整体框架共分六部分:第一部分为绪论，主要介绍本研究的背景、意义、内容和方法等；

第二部分为相关理论与研究综述部分，对战略管理的相关理论进行综述，为下文的研究提供理论基础;

第三部分主要介绍了上海亲和源股份有限公司及其养老地产主体项目,并对其发展战略作了描述;

第四部分通过PEST分析工具和波特五力模型深入分析了上海亲和源股份有限公司发展养老地产的外部环境，并对其市场地位给以进一步的认识；

第五部分对上海亲和源股份有限公司发展养老地产的内部条件和竞争策略进行了分析；

第六部分则对上海亲和源股份有限公司养老地产发展战略进行分析，针对该公司的战略选择进行深入剖析,对其发展战略予以评价，最后提出改进和优化战略的措施；

最后一部分提出了本研究的结论和未来我国养老地产发展的展望。

【研究方法】

本文采用如下研究方法：

理论研究与案例分析相结合的方法。运用相关的战略管理理论，深入研究上海亲和源股份有限公司所处的行业特点和宏观环境,结合该公司自身的内部条件和特点，为其进一步发展设计可行的战略优化和实施方案。

定量研究与定性研究相结合的方法.本文通过大量文献对养老地产行业的发展环境、特点等方面进行深入研究，同时通过统计公告、问卷调查等多种途径收集大量相关数据，对养老地产行业、上海亲和源股份有限公司的内外部环境企业等进行分析.

食品安全毕业论文开题报告二

1。1研究背景与意义

1。1.1研究背景

民以食为天，食以安为先,食品安全是当今世界人们所关注的焦点问题。食品安全不仅关系着广大人民群众的身体健康和生命安全，同时还影响到国家的经济发展和社会稳定.因此，当今世界各国政府均将食品安全监管作为政府的重要职能来抓。但是,近年来,人们赖以生存的食品所引起的灾难性事件层出不穷，苏丹红事件、瘦肉精事件、阜阳奶粉事件、金华毒火腿事件、喷药多宝鱼事件、吊白块腐竹事件、假牛肉事件、染色馒头事件，特别是三鹿奶粉事件，在全国，乃至全世界造成了极大的影响.食品安全问题已升级成为关系国计民生的一个极为突出的政府管理问题和社会问题。它对百姓的身心造成伤害，对创建和谐社会产生副作用。人民公众要求并呼吁加强食品安全工作，每年两会期间都有很多议题是关于提高食品安全监管水平。

1.1.2意义

(1)理论意义

食品安全问题如今已不再是简单的一种卫生、化学或生物问题，而是涉及到政治学、管理学、社会学等多门学科的多样性、复杂性问题。现今世界，不管是发展中国家，还是发达国家,都同样面临着严峻的食品安全问题.因此，各国政府对其都投入了大量的研究,中国政府也对其越来越重视。本文以无锡的食品安全监管为研究对象，从无锡的监管体制出发，结合近年来无锡在食品监管中遇到的一些问题，来揭示出地方政府在食品安全监管中存在的一些弊端，并从理论角度来阐述政府监管失灵的原因，最后从法律法规、监管职能、技术标准、信用体系等方面提出对策与建议，从而来完善我国的食品安全监管体制。

（2）现实意义

无锡地处长三角经济发达地区，在国务院《长江三角洲地区区域规划》中，国家已经明确无锡为长三角区域性中心城市。无锡常住人口有638万，总面积为4787。 61平方公里。20世纪以来,无锡是江浙地区经济增长形势比较好的城市之一，20世纪中后期后无锡经济更是有了突飞猛进的发展。目前，快速持续发展的无锡经济已领跑苏锡常经济圈。但是,因为无锡经济发展的步伐越来越快,无锡的外来人口也越来越多，人员素质普遍较低，而食品来源广泛，流通渠道复杂,准入门檻较低,技术和资金投入要求不高，这给大量的学历层次较低

者生产销售食品创造了机会。

导致无锡现在食品经营单位数量多，规模小。那些地下加工、无证无照小作坊大量存在,这也给无锡的食品安全监管带来了很大的困难，无锡的食品安全形势十分严峻。

无锡市委、市政府对食品安全问题历来高度重视，每年都会采取很多措施，花很多钱，用于食品安全监管。但是，由于现行的食品安全体制存在着职能交叉、权责不清、标准落后等一系列问题，导致无锡食品安全问题也时常发生。如何面对现状，采取有效措施，探讨一条有效解决食品安全问题的方法和途径，对于保障无锡快速的经济发展，有着至关紧要的作用。因此,本文通过借鉴国外发达国家食品安全监管的先进方法，结合无锡现在通用的食品监督管理体系，提出一系列措施用于解决食品监督管理问题，对无锡的经济发展，社会的和谐稳定有着一定的现实意义。

1。3研究思路

鉴于上述目的，本文首先从理论上来阐述政府管制的必要性，再以无锡为例，列举多个发生在无锡的案例来深层次剖析现行的食品监管体制存在的弊端，再结合国外一些先进的管理经验,最后提出完善我国食品监管体制的一些措施。

1.3.2研究方法

本文主要运用了文献研究法、比较研究法、实证分析法.

（1)文献研究法。通过搜集、查阅我国相关食品安全监管法律、法规和食品安全监管相关著作、文献.搜索一些发达国家食品安全监管体制、以及食品安全改革的相关资料，初步了解了了食品安全监管的研究动态、前沿进展，对前人己取得的成果及研究现状有了较深的了解,也为本文的写作积累了丰富的素材。

（2）比较研究法。分析我国现行的安全监管体制，研究发达国家成功的食品安全监管体制改革经验，将两者进行比较，探索出合适我国国情的食品安全监管体制的变革路径。

⑶实证分析法.本文在研究过程中以无锡地区为案例对食品安全监管中存在的实际问题进行分析、研究，从而总结出我国食品安全监管体制存在的弊端。

Graduation thesis opening report a food safety The selected topic background and significance The selected topic background 】

To enter LaoNianXing society since 1999， our country aging degree deepening, has become the largest country in the overall number of elderly people。 According to published 20 xx years sixth national population census figures show that China’s population aged 60 and above accounted for 13. 26％， which is about 178 million, compared to the 2015 census rose 2. 93%。 According to relevant experts predict that by 2050， China’s aging population will reach one-third of the total population。 Along with the increase of the elderly population rapidly accompanied by population aging, the empty nest elderly， etc. Rapid population aging lead to huge challenge for the social and economic development.

Aging has become increasingly serious problem most directly reflected in the people’s living conditions， according to relevant data show that in the past two years, for the elderly life care, health care, rehabilitation care, cultural entertainment， such as growing demand, after 80 Become the subject www。dgalbuy。com www。jion8.net of social labor today, a pair of husband and wife, a child， four old man's family mode to impose more pension burden to the individual's head。 Social endowment become an inevitable trend that demand became more strong commercial endowment. And equipped with the hospital, and all kinds of professional nursing staff pension after real estate is like a spring was born as the first, a new mode of real estate be vividly portrayed。

The personage inside course of study says， with the improving of the elderly for residence requirements, the future for healthy elderly endowment industry will provide pension from house began gradually to promote wider areas, endowment real estate as one of the core and carrier of pension industry， the market potential is tremendous. Elderly housing industry is a sunrise industry. Can be predicted that pension industry perhaps will become the pillar industries of resolving the current global financial crisis, stimulating domestic demand is a major strategic direction。 The charity to promote department, said wang zhenyao.

XX years， in the face of a wave after wave of macroeconomic regulation and control， the

domestic real estate enterprises, especially the industry leading pay more attention to the following industry adjust the rhythm， take market in advance as far as possible， keep learning the hair real estate development experience of developed countries， some have been focus on the real estate sector and therefore not been paid great attention in real estate enterprises gradually. Among them， the huge potential of the Chinese older property market seems to be a piece of everyone to share the cake, to attract the attention of the whole real estate developers and other industry giants。 So far， poly real estate, vanke, China resources land, the first home buyers， such as real estate developers have expanded into endowment real estate, insurance， services， finance and other industries also have piled into let send senior real estate market, in the country set off a piece of the climax of the endowment real estate development and construction。

Endowment real estate is a closely integrated endowment theme and real estate development of complex real estate development mode, is a kind of real estate industry and other related industry resources www.dwqiwn.com www。hndamk.com www.guanran.net integration to adapt to the modern lifestyle change of real estate business. Endowment property at the same time also is a kind of pension industry pattern。 Its old—age homes as the core, supporting facilities such as hospitals, supermarkets， entertainment center, will live， catering， entertainment, medical care， health care, nursing services, and other functions together to create a new way of living for people.

As a kind of complex commercial real estate development mode， endowment real estate has its own characteristics. Different with general welfare pension institutions， endowment real estate business nature decided it mainly through their way to obtain land, its operation must also comply with the laws of market economy。 And the endowment property is different from ordinary commercial real estate， through the integration of living, catering, entertainment, culture， medical treatment， nursing, health care and other services, into a pattern of each supplier win-win situation. And endowment real estate union pension subject, demand for the elderly， to build based on the old community culture and civilization elegant living environment as the goal, to build life care, culture， entertainment, learning， education， medical care, etc endowment service system, highlights the pension function。

Endowment property has a large investment, long investment return cycle， risks, etc。 Endowment real estate in our country is still in the early stage of development， however， still in the exploratory stage， the lack of system theory instruction and can draw lessons from the successful experience of。 Most companies are feeling the stones across the river， the model of development is not clear， the yield of uncertainty, the lack of relevant policies and regulations, will bring endowment real estate development prospects uncertain， if blindly enter， enterprises will face a dilemma to run her position. Under the impetus of the silver wave of economic development, many enterprises pouring in, blindly into the field， the lack of strategic

development planning， don't understand the actual demand in the elderly, one—sided pursuit of economic benefits， ignore the service management, development of stagnation. Some Jf hair business more surface on the banner of the pension， actually enclosure at a lower price， and then by selling houses in order to get profit。 These unscrupulous in pursuit of the interests of the enterprise behavior caused the industry disorderly mess， brings to the society and the industry's own development of adverse effects.

Therefore, in order to avoid the chaotic development trend of industry， how to from the Angle of the development strategy， promote the development of the endowment real estate enterprise， thus promoting the sustainable development of the whole industry healthy and orderly, become a problem to be solved. The selected topic significance 】

Under the background of social and economic rapid development, the development of an enterprise must follow the pace of The Times， formulate the correct development strategy, predict the change of the market, develop products suitable for the market demand, to win in the fierce competition， to achieve sustainable development。

Affinity source co.， LTD. Is a Shanghai began to send one of the pioneers of the endowment property， its predecessor was Shanghai Cambridge utilities investment co。, LTD。, due to the increased after the two shareholders, in 2015 more the name for this purpose. Under the background of population aging in our country R profit increase， the affinity source co., LTD。, Shanghai conform to the trend of the development of society and market, assess the situation， the first in the country to establish a Chinese the first retirement community projects Shanghai yearn, membership—based pension community。

Shanghai affinity source endowment community retirement with health, happiness, endowment as the goal， for the old to create a comfortable, elegant, safe and friendly living and living environment， humanization, specialization, standardization of services and facilities， changed the traditional way of pension, innovating the mode of the previous real estate development, organic combination of the endowment theme and real estate industry. Shanghai affinity source endowment community after years of development, currently has more than eight hundred elderly people, and USES the chain mode， development in places such as hainan, haining， huangshan endowment base， the development of resources endowment club, have achieved good reputation in society， has become the industry recognized as one of the more successful developing endowment real estate project， is seen as a pension leading the development of the real estate industry. Affinity, therefore， the source of development experience will bring to the development of the whole endowment real estate enterprise demonstration effect. Therefore， in this paper， the source co。, LTD.， Shanghai affinity endowment real estate development strategy as the research topic is of great significance.

The research content and method \"Research content”

The main content of this study is to Shanghai affinity source co., LTD. The main body of the project A strategic analysis of affinity source elderly community。 Through the in-depth research, of affinity source current strategic choice put forward the problems to be solved， management， services， on the theory of strategy, in combination with the practical situation of affinity source, in—depth analysis of the strategic choice, and finally put forward the improvement plan. In this paper, the research content of the overall framework is divided into six parts： the first part is introduction， mainly introduces the research background, significance， content and methods， etc.；

The second part is the related theory and research review section， to review the relevant theories of strategic management， providing theoretical basis for the following research； The third part mainly introduces the affinity source co., LTD. And Shanghai endowment property main body project， described and the development strategy；

The fourth part through the PEST analysis tools and porter five models of Shanghai were analyzed and the source endowment real estate co。， LTD. Development of the external environment， and its market position to further the understanding of the;

The fifth part of Shanghai affinity source endowment real estate co.， LTD. Development of internal conditions and competition strategy are analyzed;

The sixth part affinity source co., LTD. Of Shanghai endowment real estate development strategy analysis， researches in against the company's strategic choice, and comment on its development strategy， finally put forward measures of improvement and optimization strategy；

Last part puts forward the conclusion of this study and future outlook of our country's endowment real estate development。 【 methods 】

This article USES the following research methods：

Theoretical research and case analysis method of combining the。 Using relevant strategic management theory, in-depth study affinity source co。, LTD。, Shanghai industry and macro environment, combined with the internal conditions and characteristics of the company， for the further development of the design optimization and feasible strategy and implementation plan。 Quantitative research and qualitative research method of combining the. Pension in this article，

through a large number of literature on the development of the real estate industry environment, characteristics of in-depth study， through statistical bulletin at the same time， the questionnaire survey and so on many kinds of ways to collect a large number of relevant data, to the pension affinity source co。， LTD。， Shanghai real estate industry internal and external environment of enterprises is analyzed. Food safety graduation thesis opening report 2 1.1 research background and significance 1.1。1 research background

The food to Ann first， food safety is a problem in the world today the focus of people. Food safety is not only relationship with the people's health and life safety, at the same time also affect the development of national economy and social stability。 Therefore, in today's world governments will be food safety supervision as the key function of the government。 But, in recent years， people live in the food caused catastrophic events emerge in endlessly, Sudan red, clenbuterol events, fuyang milk powder events， jinhua ham poison， spraying of turbot, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate events, fake beef， dyeing steamed bread events, especially the sanlu milk powder incident， in the country， and the world has caused great impact. Food safety has become a like a very prominent government management and social problems。 It cause harm to people's physical and mental， side effects to create a harmonious society。 People's public demands， and calls for strengthening the food safety work, during the two sessions every year there are many issues about improve the level of food safety supervision。 1.1.2 meaning

(1) theoretical significance

Food safety problem today is no longer simply a health, chemical， or biological problems， but involved in political science, management， sociology， etc. The diversity and complexity of the multi—discipline problems。 Today's world， both developing countries， and developed countries， are also faced with severe food safety problems。 Therefore, governments have invested a lot of research to its, the Chinese government also pay more and more attention to on it. This paper takes wuxi food safety supervision as the research object, starting from the regulatory system of wuxi， combined with recent years wuxi some of the problems in food monitoring， to reveal the local governments in some disadvantages existing in the food safety supervision, and from the theory Angle to elaborate the reasons of government regulation failure， finally from the laws and regulations, regulatory functions， technical standards， credit system the countermeasures and Suggestions， to perfect our country’s food safety regulatory system. (2) practical significance

Wuxi， triangle， developed economic regions in the Yangtze river delta regional planning under the state council, the country has clear wuxi for Yangtze river delta regional central cities。 Wuxi permanent population 6.38 million， the total area of 6。38 million。 The 61 square kilometers. Since the 20th century， wuxi is one of the economic growth situation better cities in jiangsu and zhejiang, after the middle of the 20th century wuxi economy but also have the development by leaps and bounds. At present, rapid economic sustainable development of wuxi has led suxichang economic circle。 However， faster and faster, because the pace of economic development of wuxi wuxi’s floating population more and more, personnel quality is generally low, and the food sources， circulation channels is complex， low barriers to entry, technology and capital investment requirements is not high， this gives a lot of academic degree lower creates opportunities for production and sales of food。

In wuxi food business units number now， small size。 The abundant underground processing, unlicensed unlicensed small mill, it also brought the wuxi food safety regulatory great difficulties， wuxi food safety situation is very serious。

Wuxi municipal party committee， municipal government has always attached great importance to problems of food safety, many measures are taken, every year to spend a lot of money, for food safety regulation。 As a result of current food safety system， however， there is cross function， power and responsibility is not clear， standard lag and a series of problems， in wuxi food safety problems frequently happen. How to deal with the status quo， take effective measures to explore an effective method and way to solve the problem of food safety， to protect the wuxi rapid economic development， has a crucial role。 Therefore， in this article， through draw lessons from foreign advanced methods of food safety regulation in developed countries， and now gm food supervision and management system in wuxi， put forward a series of measures to solve the problem of food supervision and management, the economic development of wuxi, the social harmony and stability has a certain practical significance。 1。3 research train of thought

In view of the above purpose, this article first from the theory expounded the necessity of government regulation, and taking wuxi as an example， enumerate several occurred in wuxi case to deep analyze the insufficiency of current food regulatory system, and combining with some foreign advanced management experience， and finally puts forward some measures of perfecting our country's food regulatory system. 1.3。2 research methods

This article mainly USES literature research， comparative research and empirical analysis. (1） literature research。 Through collecting, refer to the relevant laws, regulations and food safety supervision of food safety related works and literature. Search some developed countries

food safety regulation system， and the reform of food safety related information， preliminary understanding more dynamic and cutting—edge development of research on food safety regulation， the research status has been achieved and have the deeper understanding， also accumulated the rich material for this article.

(2） comparative research。 Analysis of our current safety regulatory system, the developed countries food safety regulation system reform experience of success， a comparison of both, to explore the right the change path of the situation of our country's food safety regulatory system. （3） the empirical analysis. In this paper, in the process of research in wuxi area as a case of food safety regulation in the practical problems existing in the analysis， research， and summarizes the existing disadvantages of China's food safety regulatory system.