一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)
1. The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are ___.
A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar____ . A. Jacob Grimm B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp D. Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ___.
A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural
4. ___produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible. A. Broca's aphasic B. The linguistic deprivation
C. The damage on the angular gyrus D. Wernicke's aphasic
5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows:___ A. They cannot pronounce/n/
B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word.
A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is __.
A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative
8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary. A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.
A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.
A. +animate, +male, +human,-adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult C. +animate, -male, +human,-adult D. +animate,-male,+ human, +adult
二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)
11. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement, q ________or command.
12. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of s____ g________.
13. Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context.
14. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________, one who can speak several languages fluently. 15. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v____, while all vowel sounds are v________.
三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分)
16. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( )
17. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18. Linguistics is the course of language.( )
19. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called
predicate.( )
20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )
21.The term dialect, as a technical term in linguistics, carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )
22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。( )
23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.( ) 24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( ) 25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( )
四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分) 26.general linguistics
27.suprasegmental features 28.root and stem
29.hierarchical structure
30.naming theory and conceptualist view 31.maxims of quality and manner 32.blending 33.sociolect
34.subvocal speech 35.contrastive analysis
五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)
36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.
(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible. (2)He saw young men and women present.
(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.
37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. re- un- anti- super- -wise -itis -ize -age
英语语言学试题（2）参考答案
一、单项选择题(每小题2分，共20分)
1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B 二、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 11.words question 12.social groups 13.sentence meaning 14.polyglot
15.voiceless voiced voiced
三、判断说明题(每小题2分，共20分) 16.T
17.F(Sense and reference…)
18.F(scientific study of language) 19.F(finite verb…) 20.F(diachronic)
21.F(no value judgement) 22.T 23.T
24.F(morpheme) 25.F(one of the parts)
四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)
26.The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics. 27.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments.
28.The base form of a word; the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added.
29.The sentence structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic categories of each structural constituent, such as NP and VP.
30.The words of a language are labels of the objects they stand for; a linguistic form is linked through concepts to what it refers to.
31.Do not say what you believe to be false or without adequate evident; Avoid obscurity of expression and ambiguity, be brief and orderly.
32.A process of forming a new word by combining parts of other words. 33.A variety of languages used by a social class. 34.Thought when it is close to language.
35.A comparative procedure to establish linguistic differences between languages for teaching purposes. 五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)
36.(1)the hunters are shooting; the hunters are shot;
(2)young men and young women; young men and (not young) women (3)the president appoints others; the president is appointed. 37.re-:again,e.g.retype,reorganize
un-: not, reverse, e.g. unhappy, unlock anti-: against, anti- drug, anti-imperialism
super- greater than usual, e.g. superpower, superman -wise: in the manner of, e.g. clockwise, moneywise -itis: infection. e.g. bronchitis, arthritis -ize: make into, e.g. realize, modernize -age: process. e.g. mileage, linkage
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