传统作文之传统医学英语小作文
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传统医学英语小作文
【篇一:英语作文 医患关系】
医患关系作为社会系统的重要组成部分,在创建互助友爱的卫生环境中起着先导性和基础性的作用。但当前医患关系却不容乐观,因社会,伦理道德等因素的影响,各种医患矛盾正在成为阻碍构建和谐社会的主要问题之一。近年来,医患关系的紧张引起了人们的普遍关注。为了让医学回归“医本仁术”的本性,缓解紧张的医患关系,我有以下几点看法。
as an important component of the social system ,physician—patient relationship plays a guiding and fundamental role in creating a harmonious healthcare environment 。however ,due to certain social ,ethical and moral factors ,the current physician—patient relationship is not favorable ,and various contradictions in physician—patient relationship are becoming barriers in building up a harmonious society 。in recent years ,the tense relationship between doctors and patients has caused extensive concern 。in order to enable medicine return to its“merciful”nature and relieve the tension of relationship between doctors and patients,there’re several points as follows 。
首先,重建医患信任。信任是建立良好医患关系的基础。第二,加强医患沟通。医生与病人的有效沟通与交流是诊疗实践的重要技术,它在对病人病情的认识,治疗和康复中都起着十分重要的作用。第三,通过建立积极的医院形象包括医疗服务,质量和环境来发展新型的医患关系。医院必须尽可能提高医务人员技术水平和业务素质 ,确保医疗安全。第四,倡导健康的医院文化,促进医
德医风建设。最后一点,弘扬中华民族传统医学人文关怀的优秀思想,开展具有人文精神的“人性化服务”:尊重、关爱、服务病人。
first ,reestablish doctor—patient trust relationship 。trust is the basis for constructing a good physician—patient relationship 。secondly ,strengthen the communication between doctors and patients 。communication between doctors and patients is the important skill for learning sickness ,treatment and rehabilitation 。third ,develop new harmonious physician—patient relationship by creating positive hospital image of medical service ,quality and environment 。hospitals should try their best to increase the medical skills and occupational qualities of their staffs to assure the safety of medical work.。fourth ,initiate healthy hospital culture and promote medical ethics and style 。finally ,advance and eich the ideology of chinese traditional medical humanities concern 。it should develop humanistic service ,which includes respecting ,caring for and serving the patients 。 化解医患矛盾,构建和谐医患关系,不仅需要医患双方的努力,还需要社会的支持。同样,社会也应把医患关系的构建作为自身健全发展的一个重要任务。
to relieve physician—patient conflicts and construct a harmonious physician—patient relationship need not only the efforts of both sides but also the support of the society 。similarly ,the society should regard the building of physician—patient relationship as a significant task in self—improvement and development 。
【篇二:医学英语写作】
3、要符合逻辑、重点突出 4、要结构合理,用完整句表述 5、要行文流畅 第二章 标题(title) 一、标题二、副标题三、英、汉标题特点的比较 四、冠词的省略五、标题中常用名词的搭配 六、标题中常用介词的搭配 七、几种常用的标题句式 一、标题 title (一)名词性标题(二)完整句标题(三)疑问句 (一)名词性标题 标题一般由一个名词或若干并列的名词,加上必要的修饰语构成,一般没有谓语成分 laboratory diagnosis of sars sars的实验室诊断 haemorrhagic cholecystitis 出血性胆囊炎 alcohol use, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and hypertension 饮酒、心肌梗塞、心源性猝死及高血压病 surgery for infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗 left ventricular function before and following surgical treatment of mitral valve disease 二尖瓣病变手术前后左心室的功能变化 感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗 (1)只在标题开头的第一个单词的首字母大学,收尾句不用句号 (2)标题中每个词的首字母都大写,只有某些虚词才小写,句尾不用句号。某些需要小写的虚词,指的是冠词、3个字母以内的连词和介词,4个字母以上的,如with, from, during , after, against, during ,between 仍需要大写。 词组型标题词组型标题是由一个或数个单词或词组单独地、并列地或按偏正关系排列组成. 按其组成关系又可分为以下三类 ①单一概念标题②多概念并列标题 ③多概念偏正标题 ①单一概念标题,是由一个不可再细分的、具有完整概念的单词或词组构成. 由于这些单词或词组是文章所讨论的唯一对象,即文章标题的中心词.因此,英译标题时可以直接对译. 创伤性血胆症 traumatic hemobilia[中华肝胆外科杂志, 2004, 10(7)];颅底软骨肉瘤 chondrosarcoma of the skull base[中华神经外科杂志, 2003, 19(6)]. ②多概念并列标题,由两个或两个以上具有独立完整概念的词组并列组成. 由于词或词组之间没有说明或被说明、修饰或被修饰的关系,而是无主次的并列关系. 因此,英译标题时可按表达各个概念的词或词组的先后顺序译出. 例如:催乳素和免疫系统prolactin and immune system[中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2004, 20(6)]; 嗜
铬细胞瘤病人的临床特点及围术期麻醉管理clinical features of pheochromocytoma and anesthetic management during perioperative period[中华医学杂志, 2002, 82(8)]. ③多概念偏正标题,由多个具有独立、完整概念的词或词组构成. 而其中有一个受其它词或词组所修饰、限制或说明. 这个被修饰、限制或说明的词或词组就是文章标题的中心词,它位于标题末,与修饰、限制或说明它的词构成偏正关系. 多概念偏正标题是科技论文标题中最常见的一种,它又可分为并列偏正结构标题和递进偏正结构标题. 并列偏正结构标题是以联合词组充当标题中心词的定语. 英译标题时,可按顺序译出各并列成分,并置于中心词之后. 例如:泮托拉唑三联与奥美拉唑三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌的对比研究 comparison of pantoprazole and omeprazole- based triple therapy regimens in the treatment of helicobacter pylori infection[中华医学杂志, 2002, 82(18)]递进偏正结构标题以偏正词组充当标题的中心词. 定语中的各组成部分总是前一个修饰后一个,层层相叠,最后作为一个整体来限定代表标题重心概念的中心词. 英译标题时,代表标题重心的中心词置于题首,定语中的各组成部分,在多数情况下,按由小到大,由近到远的次序排列. 例如:抑郁症患者红细胞儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶活性的研究 the erythrocytes catechol o methyl transferase activity in patients with depression[中华精神科杂志, 2005, 38(3)]; (二)完整句标题 医学论文标题一般都是名词性标题。有的医学杂志,如美国的 journal of the national cancer institute 甚至规定标题不得写成完整的句子。但是,在其他英美医学杂志中,仍可以看到标题为完整句,只是句尾没有句号。如:dietary cholesterol is co-carcinogenic for human colon cancer
胆固醇饮食--- 人类结肠癌的协同致癌因素 cytochrome b is present in neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease 存在于慢性肉芽杂红患者嗜中性白细胞里的细胞色素把b (三)疑问句 标题也可以是疑问句。疑问句标题尾一般有疑问号,如有疑问副词或疑问代词,也可不用疑问句。 如:home or hospital births? 在家分娩还是住院分娩? genetic damage form diagnostic
radiation ? 诊断性放射检查能否导致遗传性损害? what to look for rib fractures and how 肋骨骨折时应检查什么及如何检查? is treatment of borderline hypertension good or bad? 治疗临界型高血压是利是弊? are potassium supplements for the elderly necessary? 中年以上的患者是否比须补钾? what does exercise mean for the menstrual cycle? 锻炼对月经周期有什么影响? 二、副标题 副标题往往用于突出论文某一方面的内容,如病例数、研究方法等。 正、副标题可用不同字体字号加以区别,也可用冒号隔开 (一)突出病例数 abdominal pain in the emergency room: a study of 176 consecutive cases 腹痛急诊——176 连续收治的病例研究 surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts: analysis of 119 cases 假性胰腺囊肿手术治疗 ——119例分析 (二)突出研究方法 diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients: prospective study of 80 cases heparin therapy: a randomized prospective study diabetes after infectious hepatitis: a follow-up study 免疫抑制患者弥漫性肺浸润——前瞻性研究80例 肝素疗法前瞻性随机研究 传染性肝炎继发糖尿病患者随访调查 (三)突出重点内容 diabetes mellitus: new diagnostic criteria digitalis therapy in practice : correlation between clinical evaluation and plasma digoxin concentration aorto-arteritis: chest x-ray appearance and its clinical significance 糖尿病诊断的新标准 洋地黄疗法的实际应用——地高辛血浆浓度与临床疗效的关系 大动脉炎胸部x线表现及其临床意义 (四)表示同位关系 哌唑嗪——一种新的治疗高血压的血管扩张剂 乳腺癌组织中的癌胚抗原——一种有用的预后指标 prazodine: a new vasodilator used for treatment of hypertension carcinoembryonic antigen in breast-cancer tissue: a useful prognostic indicator (五)提出疑问句 drug regulation: evolution or revolution? chronic abdominal pain: a surgical or psychiatric symptom? 药物调节:进化还是革命? 慢性腹痛是手术症状还是精神症状? (六)表示长篇连
载论文各分篇的主题 physical and chemical studies of human blood serum: a study of normal subjectsphysical and chemical studies of human blood serum: ii . a study of 29cases of nephritis 人类血清的理化研究:i正常人的研究 人类血清的理化研究:ii. 29例肾炎患者的研究 (七)说明研究时间 a collaborative study of burn nursing in china: 2002~2006 a collaborative study of burn nursing in china: 2002~2006 endoscopic varicose sclerosis: one year clinical experience 中国烧伤护理综合研究: 2002~2006 曲张静脉内镜硬化疗法:一年临床经验研究 exercises 1. 将下列标题改为带有副标题的格式 1) a light and electron microscopic study of two cases of primary sarcoma of the heart 2) experimental study of laser surgery of the liver 3) a report of60 cases of primary vaginal carcinoma 4) clinical analysis of 55 cases of subacute thyroiditis
5) a study of 127 cases of deafness due to noise trauma 6) a review of 37 cases of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura 7) clinical, angiographic, and myocardial scintigraphic observations on unstable angina pectoris 8) fifteen years’ experience with carcinoma of the pancreas 9) experiences in the treatment of 50 cases of vascular injuries 10) physiopathologic mechanisms for jaundice and cirrhosis 将下列完整句标题改为名词性标题 1) angiodysplasia is a cause of colonic bleeding in the elderly 2) thyroid cancer is a late consequence of head-neck irridation. 3) coronary heart disease: overweight and obesity are risk factors 4) prostaglandins serve as mediators of inflammation. 5) ferritin serves as an index of bone marrow stores. 6) high uric acid serves as an indicator of
cardiovascular disease 7) pernicious anemia is a risk factor for cancer of the stomach 8) inferior vena cava obstruction is a complication of prostate cancer 三、英、汉标题特点的比较 (一)study of, report of 等词的使用 (二)带 as 的句式 (三)带 and 的句式 (四)病例数的处理(五)汉语标题中几个常用词的翻译 (一)study of, report of 等词的使用 18世纪,科技论文中可以 some thoughts on? a few observations on? 现代科技论文study of? 、investigation of?、 a report of? 也不多见 标题越来越趋向简短扼要。 如:ultrasound in the diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice 超生诊断胆汁郁积性黄疸 cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients 血液透析患者的心血管病变 toxic effect of benzene on leucocytes 苯对白细胞毒性作用的研究 clinical efficacy of disopyramide in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias 双异丙吡胺治疗心律失常的疗效观察 studies on the diuretic effects of etozolin in heart failure 乙氧唑啉对心力衰竭患者利尿效应的研究 an angiographic and clinical study of coronary collateral circulation 冠状动脉侧枝循环的血管造影与临床研究 (二)带 as 的句式 在需要用表语(或同位语)的概念时,常用带as 的句式 pernicious anemia as a risk factor for cancer of the stomach gastrocolic fistula as complication of benign gastric ulcer (三)带 and 的句式 表相互关系的意义时,可用and来表示 viral hepatitis and medical professions malignant hypertension and cigarette smoking (四)病例数的处理 在我国医学论文标题,为吸引读者注意,往往将病例数置于正标题中 1. 779例气道异物的治疗 2. 系统性红斑狼疮80例分析 在国外,病例数大多置于副标题中。 3. 软骨肉瘤——附26例报告 4.输血后肝炎60例报告 5. 55例亚急性甲状腺炎临床分析 the treatment of 779 cases of foreign bodies in the air passage analysis of 80 cases of sle chondrosarcoma : report of 26 cases posttransfusion hepatitis : a report of 60 cases subacute thyroiditis: c
linical analysis of 55 cases 有时根据英文标题不列出病例数这一特点,在英译时可将病例数不译。 慢性胃炎分类探讨(附71例分析) evaluation of classification of chronic gastritis 肾下腹主动脉瘤39例治疗经验 experience in the treatment of infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm (五)汉语标题中几个常用词的翻译 1. “探讨” discussion , evaluation , approach, study, investigation 如1)实验性肺功能不全的探讨 2)中西医治疗肝炎的探讨 3)亚临床肝癌诊断问题的探讨 4)心源性猝死51例临床病理探讨
5)原发性肝癌临床诊断的探讨 6)脑血管病1000例临床分析及若干问题探讨 discussion on experimental pulmonary insufficiency an evaluation of treatment for hepatitis by combined traditional chinese and western medicine an approach to diagnosis of subclinical liver cancer sudden cardiac death: clinicopathologic investigation of 51 cases on clinical diagnosis of primary carcinoma of liver cerebral vascular disorders: clinical analysis of 1000 cases “体会” experience 1) 818例糖尿病患者治疗体会 2)治疗革兰氏阴性杆菌菌血症的新体会 3)全胃切除治疗贲门癌的体会 experience in treating 818 patients with diabetes mellitus recent experience with bacillemia due to gramnegative organisms the treatment of cancer of the esophago-gastric junction by total gastrectomy 3 “总结” experience 如: 先天性心脏病20年临床资料总结 congenital heart disease: a twenty year clinical experience 4. “问题” problem , aspect 1) 完全肠道外营养临床实践中的几个问题 certain problems of total parental nutrition in clinical practice 2)关于门脉高压症手术治疗的几个问题 some aspects on surgical treatment of portal hypertension 5. “初步体会” 1)肝移植术麻醉的初步报告 a preliminary report
on anesthesia for liver transplantation 10例二尖瓣膜置换术临床初步小节 clinical experience of mitral valve replacement in ten patients 四、冠词的省略 (一)一般名词前的冠词 在报纸、杂志和书本中的标题,往往省略冠词 (the)treatment of gram-negative shock shock caused by gram-negative microorganisms: (an)analysis of 169 (二)疾病名称 carcinoma of the anal canal diabetes after infectious hepatitis: a follow-up study 五、标题中常用名词的搭配 (一)study study on/ of/ in studies / study 如果study 之前有表示研究对象的定语,后接疾病名称时,往往不用of, 而用in e.g. platelet function studies in heart disease (二)report report of /on e.g. thyroid carcinoma induced by irradiation for hodgkin’s disease: report of / on a case 放射治疗何杰金氏病引起甲状腺癌1例报告 (三)survey survey of/ on (四)observation observation on/of/ in(六)各种治疗与检查名称的搭配用法 治疗方法与疾病名称连用时,一般用介词for shunting operations for obesity surgery for portal hypertension blindness after treatment for malignant hypertension surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism 治疗方法、检查方法还可后接介词 in 同for surgery in active infective endocarditis parathyroidectomy in chronic renal failure 六、标题中常用介词的搭配 in 1 各种生理病理现象+in+ 生物名词 epidemic mealses in young adults thyroid function in patients with breast cancer 2 in+ 动源性名词 steroid in the treatment of clinical septic shock ultrasound in the diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice 3 治疗方法、检查方法、药物名称各种病理现象名称+in+疾病 parathyroidectomy in chronic renal failure an analysis of pancreatic sonography in suspected pancreatic
disease (二)due to 标题中表示原因,应用due to , 不可用because of , owing to , 可以用caused by代替 bacteremia due to gram-negative bacillli infections due to group c streptococci in man (三)after, following postoperative syndromes after / following liver surgery exercises 1.检查标题中介词的用法 1) gram-negative infections of cancer 2) circulatory failure of metastatic carcinoma of the lung 3)hypercalcemia on malignant lymphoma 4)acute renal infections of adults 5)tiberculosis in the liver 6) sonography in the common bile duct 7) the use of radioactive iodine at the evaluation of thyroid noduels 2. 填空 jaundice _ a rare cause: tuberculous lymphadenitis 结核性淋巴结炎——引起黄疸的罕见原因 restrictive antibiotherapy_ renal transplantation 肾移植后有节制的使用抗生素 hyperparathyroidism _ head and neck irradiation 头颈部放疗后的甲状旁腺机能亢进 tumor emboli _ pulmonary hypertension 表现为肺动脉高压的瘤拴 portal vein thrombosis_ cirrhosis 肝硬化合并门静脉血栓形成 七、几种常用的标题句式 (一)表示药物治疗的标题句式 药物名称+in /for + 病名 药物名称+in the treatment (management) of+ 病名 药物名称+treatment (therapy)of + 病名treatment of+病名+ with+药物名称 use of+药物名称+in the treatment of + 病名 1. vasodilator drugs in peripheral vascular disease 2.prednisone for chronic active liver disease 3. penicillin in the treatment of severe respiratory infections. revised: treatment of severe respiratory infections with penicillin 4. vancomycin therapy of bacterial meningitis 5. use of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension secondary to renal disease (二)表示非药物治疗的标题句式 治疗方法+for /in +病名 治疗方法+ in the treatment (management) of +病名 treatment (management) of +病名+by +治疗方法
血液透析治疗牛皮癣 hemodialysis for psoriasis hemodialysis in the treatment of psoriasis treatment of psoriasis by hemodialysis (三)表示诊断方法的标题句 式 诊断方法+in+ 病名 诊断方法+ in the diagnosis of +病名 assay (detection) of +某种成分+in +病名 diagnosis of 病名+by /with +诊断方法 detection of 病名+by +诊断方法 application of +诊断方法+ to the diagnosis of +病名 exercises 1.将下列词次组编写标题 1) splenectomy, myeloid metaplasia 2) splenic irradiation myelofibrosis 3) leukemia, marrow transplantation 4) computer tomography, acute pancreatitis 5)ultrasound, cholestatic jaundice 2. 英译下列标题 1)结核病患者的黄疸 2)婴儿及儿童的血管创伤 3)一例慢性肾功能衰竭患者的胃肠道综合征和休克 4)剂量是肿瘤化疗的关键因素 5)青霉胺(penicillamine)治疗类风湿性关节炎 6) 高选择性迷走神经切断术(hyperselective vogotomy)治疗十二指肠溃疡的经验 7) 放射免疫测定(radioimmunoassay)诊断肠道及胰脏的内分泌(endocrine)肿瘤 8) sle患者的胰腺炎: 一例报道及文献综述 第三章 作者姓名、学位和工作单位 一、作者姓名
欧美人的name既指名也指姓。如诺贝尔的全名是alfred bernhard nobel.alfred 是first name。 bernhard 是second name nobel 是last name. first name 与 second name 相当于我国的“名”。 last name 相当于“姓”。也有只有first name 而无second name。 在论文署名时,一般将first name, last name用全文写出,而将 second name缩写 如: afred b. nobel, wilhelm c. roentgen 李时珍 雷锋 司马光 司徒汉城 二、学位 1. m.b.(mb)= bachelor of medicine 2.m.c.(mc)=magister chirurgiae 3.m.s.(ms)= master of surgery 4.m.d.(md)= doctor of medicine 5.ph.d.(phd) =doctor of philosophy 三、工作单位 (一)“教研室”与“科” department department of physiology, university of california, san francisco, california 94
143 department of anatomy, ningxia medical college 重庆医学院传染病教研室 (二)―组‖ division , section, unit division of gastroenterology, department of medicine division section 除后接 of介词短语外还可前接名词或形容词定语 gastroenterology division, department of medicine, university of texas medical school, huston, texas unit 前 往往有名词限定语 oncology unit of the department of medicine 在科研机构,“组”还可用branch表示 pulmonary branch, national heart, lung, and blood institute laboratory 实验室,研究室 可以后接of介词短语,也可前接名词或形容词定语 renal division and cardiovascular-pulmonary research laboratory, department of medicine 常用医疗、医学教学和科研单位名称 附属医院 省人民医院 药学院 县医院 中医医院 胸科医院 教学医院 综合医院 针灸研究所 关键词、缩略语和致谢 1 关键词key words, key words, keywords 《中国学术期刊检索与评价数据规范》key words key words: …… key words ……... 首字母的大小写不统一 关键词之间的标点 分号/逗号 选词 应参考mesh( medical subjects headings) 词表,以使用规范的词语 2 缩略语 hiv 摘要标题中不宜使用缩略语,(ct、mri、laser、dna) 正文中第一次出现缩略语,前面应有术语全称 缩略语各个字母一般均大写,如 cns,copd,sars 3 致谢 从作者本身出发表示感谢 1)the author deeply thank of prof b for his valuable suggestions and comments on this work. 2) we wish to express our thanks for the valuable suggestions made by prof. b 3) the author is particularly grateful to prof. b for his guidance and encouragement in this work. 4) i wish to express my deep gratitude to dr. a, who read the manuscript and made many valuable suggestions and comments 5) we wish to acknowledge our sincere thanks to dr. b for his kind help. 6) i am much obliged to dr. b for his help in writing this paper. 从客观角度表示感谢 1)tha
nks are due to ? for their invaluable suggestions and comments which have helped us greatly in the revision of this paper . 2) appreciations goes to … for his encouragement in carrying out this study. 3) appreciation is extended to … for their assistance in… . 4) for her many suggestions and comments, special thanks go to
dr. a 第四章 摘要中动词时态与语态的应用 一、语态(voice) 二、时态(tense) 在医学论文摘要中 动词使用什么语态往往与人称代词有关。 医学论文中往往用第三人称的被动语态 如:we suggested that? (我们建议)往往写成 it is suggested that? we concluded that? (我们的结论是) it is concluded that? 科技论文中,对人称代词的使用有两种 截然不同的主张。 一种主张少用第一人称和第二人称代词,尤其是反对单数第一人称代词。如 i think, i feel, i believe 另一种主张 科技论文也应当写得亲切、自然、直截了当。如 it was decided that 应为i decided that 目前国外医学文摘中,仍以第三人称占优势。基本上不用单数第一人称和第二人称代词。 如何表达―我‖ 1、用复数第一人称 we。在报道性文章中,编者、著者第一人称,无论单复数多用 we. 1) we still consider, due to the above, that enterolithotomy alone is a sufficient primary procedure, and that only in cases of new biliary tract complaints can cholecystectomy and closure of an eventual fistula be considered. 由于上述原因,我们仍然认为最初单纯做肠结石切除手术就已经足够了。 只有出现了新的胆道症状 时才考虑切除胆囊已经可能产生的瘘管。 2、用被动语态 2) 我们报道了2例心脏血管肉瘤 two cases of angiosarcoma of the heart are described. 3) 我们测量了61名患者的血清钙水平。 levels of serum calcium were measured in 61 patients. 3、用 the author代表i ,the authors 代表 we。应注意,英语习惯不用 the writer 代表i 。 4) the author presents the experience w
ith 264 patients with secondary renovascular hypertension. 我们(作者)介绍了264例继发性肾血管性高血压的治疗经验。 5) the authors report their experience with more than 5o patients with the zollinger-ellison syndrome 我们(作者)介绍了50例zollinger-ellison综合征的治疗体会。 4、在科技论文中,也可用代替this study , this report, this paper, this article 第一人称代词. this article describes the unique behaviour of the pulmonary circulation under condition of acute and chronic stress. 本文报道急性或慢性应激状态下肺循环的特异表现。 this study reports our first year’s experience of endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile ducts stones. 本文报道作者第一年经内窥镜切开括约肌治疗胆总管结石的经验。 exercise 1)we saw bone marrow necrosis in a case of acute myelomoncytic leukemia. 2) over a two-year period, we studied prospectively 80 cases of diffuse pneumonia at qilu hospital. 3)this article describes severe involvement and proteinuria in a young black woman with gaucher’s disease. 4) this paper discusses current concepts that involve the mechanism of endogenous pyrogen production. 5) the author reports a new series of 270 cases in support of this assertion. 6) the study presents the results of comparison of hepatic fat content with hepatic xenon retention in 45 patients. 7) these data suggested that dialysis and transplantation may allow previously acquired atherosclerosis to manifest itself clinically. 8) the author conclude that patients with anorexia nervosa and associated leukopenia do not have increased infection propensity. 2、将下列句子中的被动语态改为主动语态 1) three new cases of gastroduodenal crohn’s disease are presented. 2) clinical and chemical findings in
6 patients with u-chain disease are reported. 3) a patient with duodenal plasmacytoma is described. 4) the diastolic blood pressure response to treadmill exercise testing was analyzed in 281 patients.
5) gastric function and histology were investigated in 24 patients with untreated chronic renal failure. . 6) the probable mode of evolution is discussed. 7) it is suggested that for such patients with myocardial disease in sinus rhythm, treatment should begin with diuretics. 8) it is concluded that levmepromzine is better tolerated than pethidine in acute myocardial infarction. 9) it is recommended that patients undergo a mammographic examination before having a breast biopsy. 10) the benefits over open biopsy are indicated 二、时态 (一)过去时(二)过去完成时(三)现在时 (四)现在完成时(五)将来时 objective 1. this study is to observe the blood dynamics in the brain tissues after intracerebral hemorrhage with mr perfusion technology. 不定式短语 to observe the blood dynamics in the brain tissues after intracerebral hemorrhage with mr perfusion technology. methods284 percutaneous biopsies had been done for pulmonary lesions from october 2003 to september2005. complications are related to the lesion’s size and depth, puncture numbers, sizes of needles and patients’ ages . results of the 6 patient with fairest images, there is an observable cerebral blood flow decreasing in relation to collateral symmetric area in patients. conclusion a model of ischemia reperfusion with mri can be set up by using this m
ethod. it laid a foundation for further study. (一)过去时 1.研究过程中所进行的活动。2.研究目的 作者连续对37例肾移植患者是否有关节病变做了前瞻性观察。 通过前瞻及回顾性研究观察了盐酸丙咪嗪对血压的影响。 对65例早期胃癌疗效作了分析 thirty-seven consecutive renal transplant recipients were studied prospectively for joint disease. the effect of imipramine hydrochloride on blood pressure was examined in a prospective and retrospective study. the results of treatment of early gastric carcinoma were analyzed in 65 patients. 本研究旨在调查产生非病理性喷射杂音的可能因素。 这篇前瞻性研究的目的,是确定病程早期采用呼气末正压呼吸对成人窘迫综合症的效用。 the purpose of this study was to investigate factors that may participate in the production of innocent ejection murmurs. this prospective study was designed to determine the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure instituted early in the course of adult respiratory distress syndrome. (二)过去完成时 1. 在着手研究之前就已经进行过的工作或已存在的状态。 2.在研究过程中有两个前后相连的动作,先发生的动作往往用过去完成时。 in a 22-year-old male, who had been irridated 16 years previously for hodgkin’s disease, a radiation-induced thyroid carcinoma developed. among 877 patients with gastric cancer, pernicious anemia had previously been diagnosed in 9. 一例16年前因患何杰金氏病接受过放射治疗的22岁男患者发生放疗诱发的甲状腺癌。 877例患者中有9例原来已确诊有恶性贫血。 of 47 segments with abnormal contractility, 16 were improved after the patients had been given nitroglycerin and 11 of 16 were improved after aorto-coronary bypass. two patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax died despite intensive treatment. in the first the pneumothorax had been present for 10 days…
47例心收缩力异常的患者,有16例用硝酸甘油治疗后,症状有所改善还有16例在作了主动脉-冠状动脉 搭桥手术后,其中11例好转。 两例原发性自发性气胸患者虽得到积极治疗,仍然死亡。第一例患者气胸已持续达10天之久? exercises 将括号中的动词改为适当形式: 1) the significance of intraphepatic biliary distension in the nonjaundiced patient ___(study).
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【篇三:英文版 浅谈中医论文】
外国语学院 08外本4班 陆冬梅 0803010428英语专业 张晓鹏
tcm regimen :a healthy lifestyle in modern life
tcm regimen:a healthy lifestyle in modern life
at present, regimen has become a more and more popular subject. turn on the tv, you can find that there are so many healthy programs about regiment. cctv, the road to health; beijingtv ,“yangshengtang; hunan tv “encyclopedia on health”; taiwan, the tcm lecture hall ... ... no matter which tv stations, basically have one or two health-related programs, broadcast time covering almost all the time from morning to night. in the bookshop , all kinds of health book about all aspects regiment has become a hot product. in addition, it is common to see shops crammed with rows of dried foods, which are used in chinese medicine and meals to boost health.
tcm has its origin in ancient taoist philosophy which views a person as an energy system in which body and mind are unified, each influencing and balancing the other. various tissues and organs of the body were considered as single entity, whether in physical or in the pathology are interrelated and mutually affected. the core value of tcm , if one word to summarize, that is,”hamony”. chinese medicine say that a person sick, it is in inhamony between yin and yang .tcm utilizes yin-yang theory and five elements theory, which advocate
administering treatment according to pattern, rather than treating the head when the head hurts; treating the foot when the foot hurts.” chinese believe that our health depends on the balance of inside our body. because the inbalance of them can cause disorders and diseases.tcm diagnosis relies on inspecting the complexion, smelling the breath, inquiring about symptoms, and feeling the pulse in order to determine the overall condition of the body.
western medicine and chinese medicine both have their own advantage and disadvantage. their aim is the same, is to save the lives of people, to keep people healthy. western medicine and chinese medicine just like forests and trees: chinese medicine see the wood of the trees but not the forest, western medicine only see the trees. we can see that the chinese medicine emphasis on the whole, attention to the macro while western medicine pay attention to the specific, the micro.
many people here seek both western-style and traditional treatment. some hospitals provide both, and some insurance companies here cover the use of traditional chinese therapies. in the western world, traditional chinese medicine is often criticized as being without proven effectiveness.but here in asia, there is a deep belief in these treatments, which include acupuncture, teas made of fungus and soups made from animals such as snakes and turtles. with
more than 2,000 years of history behind it, traditional chinese medicine remains popular in the modern
society.
in the modern life with a high degree of progress in modern science, and in the world where modern medicine is highly developed, why tcm regiment is becoming more and more popular? i think that there are the following main reasons for this.
at the beginning , tcm regement is an easy and effective way to keep heathy. in the past , what people seek is to eat .in the current economic development, people start persuing a high quality life,thinking about how to live healthy. with the accerlating pace of life, the great pressure from work or exams, the tireness in both mind and body, the subhealth of city population has become a common phenomenon. so that more and more people realize the importance of daily health regimen.take the office working class for example, they stay a long time sitting in front of the computer,working form day till night. there are not so much time for them to go out for taking exercise to keep a healthy body. many of them are in a state of subhealth, whose symtoms including a lack of energy , depressin, slow reaction, and poor memery.tcm regimen offer them an easy and effective way to impove their health without doing openning activities .
in addition, tcm has fewer negative effects. the majority of its drugs are natural animal, plant, mineral, not artificial synthetic chemicals, coupled with mostly compound, formulations can be antagonistic
corresponding measures, and thus it has
fewer negative effects. nowadays many women care much about outside looking. most of them want be thinner and younger. and eating for instance, making soup and making dishes with a lot of the medicinal plants have been used for ages .instead of taking the risk of chemical medicine, they want to be pretty in a safe , natrual, effective way.
last but not the least, the price is relatively low.there is a deep and important reason for this trend. it is the fact that the medical treatment is difficult and expensive now. go to the hospital to see a cold can cost a few hundred yuan, not to mention some serious desease .how can the ordinary people offord it. it is wrong to think that the poor do not kown how precious life is .provided a man have a cancer, could not afford medicine, only to give up treatment. at this time, chinese master appears, telling people: white radish can cure cancer. the white radish is cheap and readily available for people .so, why not to try it? compared with buying medicine or seeing a doctor in the hospital , we prefer to
the tcm regiment.
tcm regiment costs less and it is easy to learn, and its negative effect are not obvious. there is no wonder that so many health regiment programs, heath books and food products to adapt to this trend nowadays.
traditional chinese medicine draws on the essence of chinese culture, meet the cultural traditions of people, close to the daily lives of
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