讲解：
1. 可数名词
可数名词包括单数名词、复数名词和集体名词。这类名词的使用原则是：
1. 单数可数名词从不单独使用，如其前不加冠词或 one’s，就必须改名词单数为复数形式。 2. 复数名词或不可数名词表泛指意义时，其前不得添加任何冠词。
3. many，several，(a) few 之后，或 one of the/one’s 之后绝不能接可数名词的单数形式。 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化形式
1. Negro — Negroes hero — heroes tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes zoo — zoos bamboo — bamboos radio — radios piano — pianos photo — photos
2. knife — knives leaf — leaves loaf — loaves wolf — wolves wife — wives half — halves thief — thieves
chief — chiefs roof — roofs belief — beliefs gulf — gulfs handkerchief — handkerchiefs(handkerchieves) 3. goose — geese tooth — teeth
4. man — men woman — women gentleman — gentlemen Frenchman — Frenchmen policeman — policemen German — Germans Roman — Romans
5. 单、复数同形的名词 sheep，deer，Swiss，Portuguese，Chinese，Japanese，head（牲畜的头数），means
6. child — children mouse — mice
7. 合成名词的复数构成方式：中心名词变复数。如：passer-by→passers-by， father-in-law→fathers-in-law；无中心名词在词尾变复数。如：grown-up→grown-ups 3. 以复数形式使用的名词
总是以复数形式使用的复数名词有：
clothes，trousers，glasses（眼镜），thanks，congratulations，preparations，goods，looks（外表），manners（礼貌），Customs（海关、关税），in high spirits，give regards to，give (one``s) best wishes to
4. 表复数意义的名词
这类名词作主语，谓语用复数形式： 例如：cattle，police，people 4. 1集体名词
这类名词作主语，强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，强调个体及其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例如：class，family，team，group，party，army，enemy，crew，government，company，crowd，committee 5. 不可数名词 5.1 专有名词
单个单词形式的专有名词无复数，不与冠词连用；由名词构成的专有名词前用冠词。 例如： China has a longer history than the United States. 5.2 学科名词和物质名词
学科名词与物质名词表泛指时，不用冠词。
例如： My brother likes physics while I like chemistry. 5.3 抽象名词
表泛指意义的抽象名词或用在介词之后的抽象名词，不可数，不与冠词连用。
抽象名词表具体意义或被某一（些）形容词修饰，与不冠词连用。 Failure is the mother of success.
Dictionary is a great help to many people.
be of (some/much/little/no/great) ＋ 少数几个抽象名词，如 value，help，use，importance 意同“be ＋ 该抽象名词的形容词形式”。
It is said that tomorrow``s meeting is of much importance. （比较：It is said that tomorrow``s meeting is very important.） 掌握某些名词永不用复数形式，永不与不冠词 a/an 连用。
fun，luck，news，information，progress，equipment，furniture，practice，advice，clothing，homework，housework，medicine，grass，rice，wealth，health，gold，earth（土），ham，luggage，baggage，money 6. 名词的格 6.1 名词所有格的表达 在有生命的名词后加’s
表示在店铺或在某人家里的名词后加’s
在表示国家、地域、天体、时间、距离、机关团体无生命名词后也可加’s This is Mary and Lucy``s classroom. China``s industry is developing fast.
Is Tom``s mother in the tailor``s or the butcher``s or at Mr. Smith``s? 无生命的名词后接 of ＋名词
有生命的名词在其中心词有较长语时，用 of ＋名词 The cover of Mr. Smith``s book is dirty.
Have you heard of the story of William Tell and his son?
所有物名词前有冠词、数词、不代词时，用双重所有格 of one’s ＋名词 中心名词前有指示代词表赞赏或厌恶感情色彩时，用双重所有格 of one’s ＋名词 A friend of my father``s likes this picture of David``s, too. Who enjoy that pride of Linda``s?
7. 名词作语
名词作语，多是脱口而出的与日常生活密切相关的情形。具体如下： 名词作语，表类别：
woman scientist，man doctor，girl student，boy friend，tea cup，coffee cup，room number，telephone number，history lesson，evening dress，evening school，college student，street light，country life，Nobel Prize，body temperature，animal/plant life， motorcar，school education，car door/window，meeting-room，river bank，tooth-brush， English teacher，winter sleep，government office，church clock，bus driver，air pollution，lunch room 名词作语表材料、作用、来源、内容：
cloth bag，stone bridge，gas station，bulletin board，shoe shop，book store/shop，
snow mountain，answer sheet，sports field，bamboo pipe，meeting room，diamond necklace， straw hat，peasant boy/family，Chinese medicine 特别留心：
a woman scientist two women scientists a man doctor three men doctors a girl student nine girl students a boy friend ten boy friends a goods train the sports shoes
a sales girl the clothes shop/line a middle-aged woman a one-eyed man a six-month-old baby a ten-storied building a forty-metre-deep well a three-legged table an 80-metre-wide street a twenty-year-old lady an 800-word composition a five-year plan a thirty-hour trip a fifty-dollar note/check 8. 名词的双重性
特别注意高考热点——名词的双重性
1. 抽象名词单独使用或表泛指意义或用在某一固介宾结构中，是不可数名词；词义的变化，抽象名词具体化，是可数名词。 例如：
life，time，knowledge，sight，pleasure，repair，paper，glass，hair，food，fruit，character，experience，trouble，difficulty，work，help，population，iron 。 请注意以下各组例句： Life is hard.
We’re living a happy life under the leadership of the Party. Time is money.
We had a wonderful time in the party. Knowledge is power.
A knowledge of English is a must in the 21st century. He has poor sight because he often reads in the sun. The sunset is a beautiful sight. Would you please lend me your bike? With pleasure.
What a pleasure it is to meet you here again. It is said that the road is under repair.
It is said that the workers are doing repairs to the road. Paper is made from wood.
Our monitor is helping our teacher to hand out the papers. Have you finished your papers on pollution? Is there anything of interest in today’s papers? Mirrors are made of glass. Glasses are made of glass.
Asians have black hair and Europeans have fair hair. Look! There are a few white hairs on your head. A man will die without food for seven days. That was really a delicious food at the party.
Lu Xun succeeded in creating many characters in his works. Charlie, how many characters have you learnt so far? Sports are very useful for training character.
Sun Wukong had plenty of experiences on the way to the west to seek the Bible, so he had rich experience in telling the kind from the bad.
I had great trouble/difficulty in finding your home last year. Life is full of joys and troubles. Here is a difficulty for you to get over. Irons are usually made of iron.
Every means has been tried but none has/have worked. All means have been tried but none have/has worked. work: “工作、活儿”不可数名词
“作品、著作、工厂、工程、工事”可数名词
My father still goes to work at 8:00 in the morning while my mother is out of work. It’s eight o’clock. Let’s get down to work.
This painting of Xu Beihong’s is a valuable work of art. Lu Xun’s works are popular with many young readers. The water works supply/supplies fine water to us.
Our army managed to break through the enemy’s defence works. population: 既可数又不可数
作主语时，谓语动词有时用单数，有时又用复数 “多”与“少”的表达
如何针对“人口”提问
1. 与具体数字连用或被 large，big，small 修饰，是可数名词；指某一国家、总人口时，是不可数名词。 India has a population of about one billion.
India is a country with a population of about one billion.
In fifty years, India is likely to have a larger population than China. 2. 指总人口时，谓语动词用单数；指人口时，谓语动词用复数。
The population of the United States is about 250 million and about 11﹪ of it are black people. 3. 指“人口多”时，用 large 或 big；指“人口少”时，用 small。 England is a developed country, but its population is very small. 4. What’s the population of… ?
What population does… have? 均是针对“人口”提问的表达法。 How large/big is the population of… — What is the population of Russia? — About 250 million.
2. 专有名词：专有名词一般为不可数，但偶尔也可作可数名词。 例如：
China has a longer history than the United States. There are four Jacks in our class. 名词在高考中的考查：
一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现, 绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析, 名词和表示数量词结合的考查, 以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和用也将占有一席之地。 解题方法：
1. 熟记近义名词的辨析
2. 熟记常见的不可数名词, 单复数同形的名词, 形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况, 如：
advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂), series; police, cattle；family, audience
3. 掌握名词的抽象化和具体化 4. 掌握名词的所有格
5. 注意(复合)名词作语时可单可复 6. 熟记名词与动词的固搭配使用
例题感悟： 2011卷,27
Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their
professional _____. A．consequence 答案C
考点考查名词的辨义。 解析
句意为 “教师要不断地更他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果，结果；
B．independence
C．competence
D．intelligence
independence；competence能力，胜任，称职；intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。 2011卷,26
The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of
global climate change.
A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection 答案B
考点考查名词的辨义。 解析
句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result结果；cause
原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系，故选B。
2011卷,18
Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____.
A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions 答案B
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他—这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。 2011卷,13 .
A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance 答案C
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不到；out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。
2011卷,21“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with______ clearly in her voice.
A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic 答案D
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。 2011卷,22
Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big________, but now I Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s
know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition 答案B
考点考查名词的辨义。 解析
句意为“当初放弃我的工作重接受全日制的是个了不起的决，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的
决。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment 承诺，许诺，保证；competition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。commitment与后面的decision相呼，故选B。 2011卷,30
When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer
to see him step aside _________ younger men.
A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of 答案C
考点考查名词的辨义。 解析
句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in
terms of就而论；in need of需要；in favor of赞成；in praise of表扬，赞扬。
2011卷31What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?
A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point 答案D
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。 2011卷,34
There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring
in a cake for us all to share.
A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship 答案A
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。somebody 与they相照，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。 2011卷,32
We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.
A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time 答案A
考点考查名词的辨义。
解析句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制计划。”in detail详细地；in general一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose故意地；on time准时。根据句意，先讨论后计划，选A。
〖10〗I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______ A. hearing 〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗hearing意为 “听力”；strength意为 “力气；力量”； recognition意为 “认出；识别；认识”； measure意为 “测量；措施”。句意为 “……她变得认不出来了。”
〖10〗Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.
A average B number C amount D quantity
B strength
C. recognition D. measure
〖答案〗A 〖考点〗考查名词。
〖解析〗a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。
〖10〗Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。
〖解析〗句意为 “那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示 “缓解, 减轻, 解除”。 safety表示 “安全, 保险”；defense 表示 “防御, 防护”； shelter表示 “掩蔽, 保护”。
〖10〗James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television. A. room B. area C. field D. position 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查名词意义和用法。
〖解析〗句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固搭配, 意思是 “为……让空”的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。
〖10〗The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization 〖答案〗B 〖考点〗名词辨析。
〖解析〗reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。
〖10〗This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division B. area C. range D. circle 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查名词/名词短语。
〖解析〗此题不仅考查学生对于四个选项的认知, 更重要的是要理解句子的含义。 “这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适各种类型人群。” “a range of “强调一个, 而 “a wide range of”意为 “各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典型的 “从句套从句”。 “for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导语从句。
〖〗After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.
A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture. 〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗512的地震, 414玉树地震。天灾 “earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示 “住处”该是考生们准备的词汇之一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道 “occupation”表示 “占用”或者“工作, ”；“furniture”表示 “家具”；“equipment”表示 “设备, 器材”就能选出正确答案D了。
〖10〗The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any direct ______.
A. solution B. target C. measure D. function 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗分析四个选项：solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。根据句意：的建议者们帮助你分析问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。
〖09〗China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。 〖解析〗
〖09〗The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁, 延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑, 体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型4月袭击墨西哥时, 卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。 〖09〗Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character 〖答案〗D.
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性, 不会增强尊敬或名声, 可以增强, 但与前面health不搭配, 故答案为character。
〖09〗In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.
A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本, 这是下课的暗示, 选项中只能选择signal。chance “机会”, mark “分数, 痕迹”, measure “方法, 措施”。
〖09〗The ____________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car.
A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Toms’ C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’ K5u 〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查名词所有格。
〖解析〗名词所有格形式。根据题干后半的them可知对复数girls。此题较易
〖09〗Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard. A. draw 〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推, 挤, 逼迫；strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意, 选D。 〖09〗-------He says that my new car is a ____________ of money.
B. strike C. rush D. push
-------Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes? A. lack B. load C. question D. waste 〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗考查单词的区别：lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意, 尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。
〖09〗Form their ________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗名词词义辨析；stage：舞台, 时期, 阶段；position：位置；condition：条件, 情况；situation：形式, 情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置, 游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。
〖09〗I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late . A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure 〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。句意为, 我一直试图改变起床晚的习惯。tradition传统, 常规；convenience方便；leisure休闲时间, 闲暇。 〖解析〗
〖09〗The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library. A. access
B. passage
C. way
D. approach
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗句意：设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里 一、基础练习
1、There are only twelve ______in the hospital.．
A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.．
A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four.
A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.．
A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of .
A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.．
A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.．
A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______
A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up.
A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?．
A.informations B.information C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning.
A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______.
A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____
A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops.
A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ .
A.half an hour”s drive B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive
16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ .
A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______.
A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____ Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw.
A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A.Peters’ B.Peter C.Peters D.Peter’s 二、提高练习
1. It won”t make much ________ whether you agree or not. A. difficulty B. trouble C. difference D. matter 2. No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ________ of how life began. A. cause B. problem C. reason D. puzzle
3. You must get there within an hour. There should be no ___ in sending this information to him. A. question B. problem C. quarre D. delay 4. I can”t give you the card without Smith”s ________.
A. agreement B. allowing C. permission D. perfomance 5. What impressed me most was that they never lost ________.
A. hearts B. heart C. their heart D. their hearts
6. Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any ________ of what I said. A. remark B. observation C. attention D. notice 7. I went to buy a ________ of China Daily.
A. piece B. sheet C. lot D. copy
8. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________.
A. intention B. purpose C. attempt D. Desire
9. There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question. A. means B. directions C. views D. Ways 10. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ________. A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
11. She is young for the job, but on the other ________, she is well trained. A. way B. situation C. chance D. hand
12. The most important________ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.
A. point B. sense C. spot D. view
13. --- I”d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please. --- Well, you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a 14. He told me he had been offered a very well-paid ________. A. business B. service C. work D. position 15. Each player must obey ________, who is the leader of the team.
A. captain B. a captain C. the captain D. captains 16. It was ________ that he had to ask for help.
A. such big a work B. a so big job C. a so big work D. such a big job 17. He dropped the ________ and broke it.
A. cup of coffee B. coffee”s cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup 18. What ________! Where did you get them?
A. big fish B. a big fish C. a piece of big fish D. big a fish
19. He left _______ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would
keep _______.
A. words; his words B. word; his word C. word; word D. the word; his words
20. The new law will come into ________ on the day it is passed.
A. effect B. use C. service D. existence
参考答案： 一、 1、B、A
3、Cstoma（胃）虽是“ch”结尾，但其发音为[k]，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。 4、C、A A roof, chief, gu, belief词的复数形式，直接加“s”。 6、C、A A名词作语一般不用复数。8、B
9、A 根据句意，打破的是杯子，而不是茶；名词作语表类别不用加““s”。 10、B、D、B、C、C、A
16、D 根据上句，此处是史密斯太太的衬衫。
17、D、C、D D a sto”s throw是固短语，意为“近在咫尺”。
20、B 此Peter作动名词sailing的所有格，本用Peter”s，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此B为正确答案。
二、1~20: CADCB DDCDC DAADC DDABA 21~40: BBCDA BBBAD ACDCB DAB
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容